Today's lesson is about—you guessed it—birthdays, and how we ask about and talk about them. 

First of all, here's how you wish someone "Happy Birthday" in German:

Alles Gute zum Geburtstag!

Happy birthday!

Caption 13, Nicos Weg: Einfach super!

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Zum Geburtstag viel Glück, Franzi!

Much happiness on your birthday, Franzi!

Caption 8, Felix und Franzi: Franzis Geburtstag

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The noun der Geburtstag is often used with the verb haben ("to have") rather than sein ("to be").

Franzi hat heute Geburtstag!

Today is Franzi's birthday!

Caption 2, Felix und Franzi Franzis Geburtstag

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Wie ist Ihr Geburtsdatum? Ich meine, wann haben Sie Geburtstag?

What is your date of birth? I mean, when is your birthday?

Caption 8, Nicos Weg: Auf dem Amt

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As you've noticed, the preposition zu is often used, and because der Geburtstag is masculine, it becomes zum. 

Und zum Geburtstag bekam ich manchmal bunte „Edelsteine“ geschenkt.

And for my birthday, I sometimes got colorful "gemstones" as a present.

Caption 4, Deutsch mit Eylin: Mineralien

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When we talk about particular birthdays, we can use ordinal numbers to state how old the person is becoming. A significant birthday, like when a person turns a multiple of ten, is known as a runder Geburtstag. 

Als sie endlich ihren fünfzehnten Geburtstag feierte, durfte sie selbst an die Oberfläche schwimmen.

When she finally celebrated her fifteenth birthday, she was allowed to swim to the surface herself.

Captions 22-23, Märchen - Sagenhaft: Die kleine Meerjungfrau

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Runder Geburtstag für den Panikrocker.

Milestone birthday for the panic-rocker.

Caption 1, 65 Jahre Udo Lindenberg

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Further Learning

After watching more videos on Yabla German to hear people talking about birthdays, practice wishing some people happy birthday in German!

English, as a Germanic language, has many words that are originally derived from German. Many of these words have had their roots in the English language for over a thousand years, but there are also German words that have been adopted by English speakers much more recently. Let's take a look at some of these German latecomers today!

The German noun die Angst, as used in the phrase Angst vor etwas haben, is commonly translated as "to be scared," "to be afraid," or "to be frightened," but only occasionally as the English word "angst." The reason for this is that the English word is often used in a more intellectual context when writing about art, sociology, or psychology. In English, it's not merely "being afraid" in the German sense of Angst haben, but rather, as the Oxford dictionary describes it, "a feeling of deep anxiety or dread, typically an unfocused one about the human condition or the state of the world in general." English seems to have adopted "angst" in order to give it a meaning far more specific than plain old "being afraid."

Die typischen deutschen Gerichte sind immer so einfach. Bratwurst, Currywurst, alles immer mit Wurst.

The typical German dishes are always so simple. Bratwurst, currywurst, everything always with wurst.

Captions 31-33, Nicos Weg: Essen gehen

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As you see above, the English versions of the German nouns follow English rules for lowercase capitalization. A good code-switching pun—if there is such a thing as a good pun—will take us from bad to Wurst. Actually, since "wurst" is English too, it's not even code-switching unless you capitalize the noun and format it as italics!

Dort auf der von ihm legendär besungenen geilen Meile Reeperbahn steht seit mehr als einem Jahr sein Doppelgänger aus Wachs.

There on the lecherous Reeperbahn mile, which he famously sung about, his doppelgänger made of wax has been standing for more than one year.

Captions 13-14, 65 Jahre: Udo Lindenberg

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According to Merriam-Webster, the preferred American English spelling of this is with the umlaut ä, though doppelganger with a standard English "a" is also an accepted spelling. The Brits, however, want nothing to do with an umlaut—another German word found in English by the way—and only accept the spelling "doppelganger." Well, more umlauts for us Americans then!

Auf der Konsumgütermesse Tendence in Frankfurt dominiert Kitsch viele Stände.

At the consumer products trade show "Tendence" in Frankfurt, kitsch dominates many booths.

Caption 2, Auftrumpfen: Mit Kitsch und Protz

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Back when I was a kid in the last millennium or before, a friend of mine with German parents showed me one of his parent's German books about kitsch, and a new word entered our everyday vocabulary. It made us sound smarter than we probably were to say "Oh, that's kitschy" instead of "Oh, that's trashy" or "that's tacky." Anyway it probably impressed our small-town American teachers, who may not have even known what it meant themselves!

Tja, Schadenfreude ist eben doch die schönste Freude.

Well, schadenfreude is still the best kind of enjoyment.

Caption 36, Umweltlernen: Propellerpflanzen am Kräutertag

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One could argue that the German invention of the word Schadenfreude, which means "a pleasure derived from the pain of others," says some not very nice things about German culture. But it could also be argued that it shows how the German culture had accurate insight into the human psyche, and this as early as the first appearance of the word in 1740. According to some studies, schadenfreude has been observed in children as young as 24 months of age. Hopefully, humans will eventually evolve beyond such sordid pleasures and develop a better sense of empathy for their fellow human beings, even those they dislike.

Further Learning
A number of German words adopted by English tend to be used much more often in written English than in spoken English, which is why you may not find them so often in Yabla German videos. Look up the words die Gestalt, die Weltanschauung, and der Weltschmerz in the DWDS dictionary, then compare them to their English equivalents in an English dictionary. Are the meanings nearly identical, such as Bratwurst (bratwurst) and Doppelgänger (doppelgänger) are? Or are they somewhat different, as Angst (angst) is?