In the German language, there are a number of words that can be used to describe whether something is allowed or not. Generally, each adjective is also the participle of the related verb.
For something that is allowed, permitted, or approved, there are the adjectives erlaubt (verb: erlauben), gestattet (gestatten), gewährt (gewähren), and zugelassen (zulassen).
Was ist bei Bundestags- und Landtagswahlen in Deutschland erlaubt?
What is allowed in the national and state elections in Germany?
Caption 19, Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Einbürgerungstest
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Das dürfen wir nicht gestatten, König.
We must not allow that, King.
Caption 31, Deutsche Sagen - Die tapferen Weiber von Weinsberg
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Einen kleinen Einblick gewährt er uns aber trotzdem.
He grants us a little glimpse, but nevertheless.
Caption 10, Der Papst - Hier wohnt der Papst
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Nun, die politischen Umstände in Nordafrika
Well, the political circumstances in North Africa
haben das erst mal nicht zugelassen.
didn't allow that at first.
Caption 66, Terra X - Ohne Kohle und Atom - Geht uns der Strom aus?
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Some words that have the opposite meaning are verboten (verbieten) and untersagt (untersagen).
Du weißt, dass Handys in meinem Unterricht verboten sind.
You know that cellphones are banned in my classroom.
Caption 31, Die Pfefferkörner - Gerüchteküche
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Schulen wurden geschlossen, Spielplätze gesperrt,
Schools were closed, playgrounds closed off,
der Kontakt zu anderen Menschen wurde untersagt.
contact with other people was prohibited.
Captions 12-14, Cettina erklärt - Auswirkungen des Coronavirus
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In general, the adjectives gestattet and untersagt are used in more formal contexts than erlaubt or verboten. The adjective zugelassen can also be translated as "licensed" or "registered."
61,5 Millionen Kfz sind in Deutschland zugelassen.
61.5 million motor vehicles are registered in Germany.
Caption 2, Richter Alexander Hold - Richtig parken
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Further Learning
Go to Yabla German and search for the verbs and the adjectives that are derived from them. Pick a place and write some sentences about what is allowed or not allowed there. Some examples are Glasflaschen sind im Freibad nicht gestattet or Handys sind während der Prüfung verboten.
Ordinal numbers ("first," "second," "third") differ from cardinal numbers ("one," "two," "three") in that they establish order or rank. Forming the ordinal numbers is luckily relatively easy in German. Generally, you will either add -te or -ste on the end, and make sure you have the correct declension.
For numbers below twenty, you simply add -te (zwei — zweite) with the exception of the following ordinal numbers: eins, drei, sieben, and acht.
Die erste Station seines Besuches im September ist Berlin.
The first stop of his visit in September is Berlin.
Caption 2, Der Papst - Hier wohnt der Papst
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Die Nashville-LP „Could Have Been Mine“ [sic, „Could've Been Mine“] ist die dritte Platte der Band.
The Nashville LP "Could Have Been Mine" [sic, "Could've Been Mine"] is the band's third disc.
Caption 43, Ann Doka & Band - New Country aus dem Rhein-Main-Gebiet
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Beim Bauern gibt es noch eine weitere Sonderregel,
With pawns there is yet another special rule,
und zwar: Wenn der Bauer von der siebten auf die achte Linie vorrückt.
and that is: if the pawn advances from the seventh to the eighth line.
Captions 56-57, Schach - mit Jenny - Part 1
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In this last example, you can see the declension based on grammatical case (dative — note the "n"— and then accusative) at work. It follows the same patterns that adjectives do. Note that you may also see "seventh" translated as siebente (in this case it would be siebenten) rather than siebte.
Starting with the cardinal number zwanzig ("twenty"), -ste is added to create the ordinal number.
Man sagt zum Beispiel:
We say, for example:
„der erste Januar“ oder „der vierundzwanzigste Dezember“
"the first of January" or the "twenty-fourth of December"
oder „der dreißigste Februar“, den es nicht gibt.
or "the thirtieth of February," which doesn't exist.
Captions 12-15, Zahlen mit Diane - Ordinalzahlen, Vielfache und Bruchzahlen
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Zu seinem einhundertfünfundneunzigsten Geburtstag
For his one hundred ninety-fifth birthday,
hat der Philosoph seine Geburtsstadt Trier erobert.
the philosopher has conquered his birth city of Trier.
Captions 3-4, „Mini-Marxe“ - In Trier
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It is important to note that, just as "first," "thirteenth," and "twenty-third" would often be abbreviated as "1st," "13th," and "23rd" in English, a period may be used in German to denote ordinal numbers, particularly with dates. The example above would read:
Man sagt zum Beispiel: „der 1. Januar“ oder „der 24. Dezember“ oder „der 30. Februar“, den es nicht gibt.
Further Learning
Take a look at this chart and watch Diane's video in its entirety to get a great overview of this topic. For more on adjective declension, refer to this page.