Qīng
Qing or Ch'ing dynasty of Imperial China (1644-1911)
surname Qing
qǐng
to ask
to invite
please (do sth)
to treat (to a meal etc)
to request
qīng
clear
distinct
quiet
just and honest
pure
to settle or clear up
to clean up or purge
qíng
feeling
emotion
passion
situation
shí · yī
first of October
PRC National day
same as 國慶|国庆[gúo qìng]
qīng
nature's color
green or blue
greenish black
youth
young (of people)
qīng
light
easy
gentle
soft
reckless
unimportant
frivolous
small in number
unstressed
neutral
to disparage
fǔ
seat of government
government repository (archive)
official residence
mansion
presidential palace
(honorific) Your home
prefecture (from Tang to Qing times)
qìng
parents-in-law of one's offspring
Qīng mò
the final years of the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty
China at the turn of the 20th century
Jiāng hú
rivers and lakes
around the whole country
cf 两江 and 两湖, Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan provinces in Qing times
vagrant
itinerant (esp. entertainer, swindler, quack doctor etc)
Tóng zhì
reign name of Qing emperor (1861-1875)
Dào guāng
reign name of Qing emperor (1821-1850)
jūn jī
military aircraft
secret plan
Privy Council during the Qing dynasty
qíng
cyanogen (CN)2
ethane dinitrile
qí
banner
flag
(in Qing times) refers to Manchurian ruling class, from 八旗[ba1 qi2] eight banners
administrative subdivision in inner Mongolia equivalent to 縣|县[xian4] county
CL:面[mian4]
Jiā qìng
Jiaqing Emperor (1760-1820), seventh Qing emperor, personal name 顒琰|颙琰[Yong2 yan3], reigned 1796-1820
Jiāng nán
south of Changjiang or Yangtze river
south of the lower reaches of Changjiang
often refers to south Jiangsu, south Anhui and north Zhejiang provinces
a province during Qing times
in literature, refers to the sunny south
Gangnam (district in Seoul, South Korea)
qǐng
unit of area equal to 100 畝|亩[mu3] or 6.67 hectares
a short while
a little while ago
circa. (for approximate dates)
sì rén bāng
Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution
tí dū
the local commander
provincial governor (in Qing and Ming times)
fǔ chéng
capital of 府 prefecture (from Tang to Qing times)
prefectural seat
tǔ sī
sliced bread (loanword from "toast")
government-appointed hereditary tribal headman in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
qìng
to use up
to exhaust
empty
qǐ méng
to instruct the young
to initiate
to awake sb from ignorance
to free sb from prejudice or superstition
primer
enlightened
the Enlightenment
Western learning from the late Qing dynasty
qǐng ān
to pay respects
to wish good health
in Qing times, a specific form of salutation (see also 打千[da3 qian1])
Yōng zhēng
Yongzheng, reign name of Qing emperor (1722-1735)
tè bié xíng zhèng qū
Special Administrative Region, namely: Hong Kong 香港 and Macau 澳門|澳门
refers to many different areas during late Qing, foreign occupation, warlord period and Nationalist government
refers to special zones in North Korea and Indonesia
Qián Lóng
Qianlong or Ch'ien-lung, emperor of the Qing dynasty, reigned sixty years (1735-1796)
qìng
chime stones, ancient percussion instrument made of stone or jade pieces hung in a row and struck as a xylophone
Dìng hǎi
Dinghai district of Zhoushan city 舟山市[Zhou1 shan1 shi4], Zhejiang
Qing dynasty name of 舟山市
jiāo qing
friendship
friendly relations
Jiāng Qīng
Jiang Qing (1914-1991), Mao Zedong's fourth wife and leader of the Gang of Four
Qīng cháo
Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
Lǐ Hóng zhāng
Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat
qīng
high ranking official (old)
term of endearment between spouses (old)
(from the Tang Dynasty onwards) term used by the emperor for his subjects (old)
honorific (old)
Xiāng gé lǐ lā
Shangri-La (mythical location)
Shangri-La town and county in Dêqên or Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture 迪慶藏族自治州|迪庆藏族自治州[Dí qìng Zàng zú zì zhì zhōu], northwest Yunnan
formerly Gyeltang or Gyalthang, Chinese 中甸[Zhōng diàn] in Tibetan province of Kham
běi yáng
the Qing Dynasty name for the coastal provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong
Xián fēng
reign name of Qing emperor (1850-1861)
Xianfeng county in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州[En1 shi1 Tu3 jia1 zu2 Miao2 zu2 zi4 zhi4 zhou1], Hubei
qìng
to draw a bamboo bow or crossbow
Lǜ yíng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
qīng
to overturn
to collapse
to lean
to tend
to incline
to pour out
Qīng Lóng
Azure Dragon, one of the four symbols of the Chinese constellations, also known as the Azure Dragon of the East 東方青龍|东方青龙[Dōng fāng Qīng lóng] or 東方蒼龍|东方苍龙[Dōng fāng Cāng lóng]
Guāng xù
reign name of penultimate Qing emperor Guangxu or Guang-hsu (1875-1908)
jiào àn
lesson plan
teaching plan
a "missionary case" (a dispute over Christian missionaries during the late Qing)
Shùn zhì
reign name of second Qing emperor (1644-1662)
Yuán Shì kǎi
Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), senior general of late Qing, subsequently warlord and self-proclaimed emperor of China
shū yuàn
academy of classical learning (Tang Dynasty - Qing Dynasty)
yín liǎng
silver currency
currency of the Qing dynasty based on the silver tael 兩|两
zhōng qíng jú
US Central Intelligence Agency, CIA
abbr. for 中央情報局|中央情报局[zhōng yāng qíng bào jú]
Míng shǐ
History of the Ming Dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉[Zhang1 Ting2 yu4] in 1739 during the Qing Dynasty, 332 scrolls
Zhōu Jì
Zhou Ji (1781-1839), Qing writer and poet
Gāo Xiáng
Gao Xiang (1688-1753), Qing dynasty painter
gōng shǐ
minister
diplomat performing ambassadorial role in Qing times, before regular diplomatic relations
zhī fǔ
prefectural magistrate (during Tang to Qing times)
Fó yé
Buddha (term of respect for Sakyamuni 釋迦牟尼|释迦牟尼[Shì jiā móu ní])
His Holiness (refers to a Buddhist grandee)
Buddha
God
emperor
in late Qing court, refers exclusively to Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后
shuāng huáng
a form or theatrical double act, popular since Qing times, with one player seated stage front and acting out the poem or song of the second player hidden at the back (also written 雙黄|双黄)
double reed (as used in oboe or bassoon)
an oboe or bassoon
Xīn hài gé mìng
the Xinhai revolution of 1911 that ended the Qing dynasty
Zēng Guó fān
Zeng Guofan (1811-1872), Qing dynasty politician and military man
Qīng mò Mín chū
the late Qing and early Republic, i.e. China around 1911
Qīng dài
the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
jìn dài shǐ
modern history (for China, from the Opium Wars until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, i.e. mid-19th to early 20th century)
Míng Qīng
the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties
Wēi hǎi wèi
Weihaiwei, late Qing naval port in Weihai 威海, Shandong
Qīng zhèng fǔ
Qing government (1644-1911)
Xī wén
Spanish
Western language
foreign languages (in Qing times)
Xī mēn Qìng
Ximen Qing, character from 金瓶梅[Jin1 ping2 mei2] and 水滸傳|水浒传[Shui3 hu3 Zhuan4]
wǎn Qīng
the late Qing
late 19th and early 20th century China
xiàn lìng
county magistrate (during Tang to Qing times)
jìng huā yuán
Jinghua Yuan or Flowers in the Mirror, Qing novel of fantasy and erudition (early 19th century) by Li Ruzhen 李汝珍
Dà Qīng
Great Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
Mǎn Qīng
Manchurian Qing (refers to the Qing dynasty, esp. at its decline, or as an anti-Qing slogan)
Pǔ yí
Puyi, personal name of the last Qing emperor (reigned as child 1909-1911), the subject of Bertolucci's biopic The Last Emperor
Hàn xué
sinology
Chinese studies (in foreign schools)
Han Learning, a Qing dynasty movement aiming at a philological appraisal of the Classics
bì shǔ shān zhuāng
mountain resort
Qing imperial summer residence at Chengde, a world heritage site
xún fǔ
inspector-general of province in Ming and Qing times
Hòu Jīn
Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-)
Manchu Khanate or kingdom that took over as Qing dynasty in 1644
Qīng xiàn
Qing county in Cangzhou 滄州|沧州[Cang1 zhou1], Hebei
Liáo zhāi Zhì yì
Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Qing dynasty book of tales by 蒲松齡|蒲松龄[Pu2 Song1 ling2]
Míng mò Qīng chū
late Ming and early Qing
around the middle of the 17th century
Qīng tíng
the Qing court (as government of China)
Hè dé
Hart or Herd (name)
Robert Hart (1835-1911), Englishman who served 1863-1911 in Qing dynasty customs office
Zhí lì
Ming and Qing dynasty province directly administered by Beijing, including Beijing, Tianjin, most of Hebei and Henan and part of Shandong
sì kù quán shū
Siku Quanshu (collection of books compiled during Qing dynasty)
Xī xué
Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing)
also called 洋務運動|洋务运动
bā qí
Eight Banners, military organization of Manchu later Jin dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1] from c. 1600, subsequently of the Qing dynasty
Nǚ zhēn
Nüzhen or Jurchen, a Tungus ethnic group, predecessor of the Manchu ethnic group who founded the later Jin dynasty 後金|后金 and Qing dynasty
yáng wù
foreign affairs (in Qing times)
foreign learning
guān chǎng xiàn xíng jì
Observations on the current state of officialdom, late Qing novel of denunciation by Li Boyuan 李伯元 or Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉
Lín Zé xú
Lin Zexu or Lin Tse-hsu "Commissioner Lin" (1785-1850), Qing official whose anti-opium activities led to first Opium war with Britain 1840-1842
Ài xīn Jué luó
Aisin Gioro, family name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty
gé zhì
to study the underlying principle to acquire knowledge
abbr. for 格物致知[ge2 wu4 zhi4 zhi1]
word for Western natural sciences during late Qing
Xuān tǒng
reign name (1909-1911) of the last Qing emperor Pu Yi 溥儀|溥仪
gé wù
to study the underlying principles, esp. in neo-Confucian rational learning 理學|理学[li3 xue2]
word for Western natural sciences during late Qing
mǎ guà
buttoned mandarin jacket of the Qing dynasty 清代[Qing1 dai4] (1644-1911)
Rè hé
Rehe, Qing dynasty province abolished in 1955 and divided among Hebei, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia
refers to the Qing imperial resort at Chengde
see also 避暑山莊|避暑山庄[bi4 shu3 shan1 zhuang1] (history)
fǎn qīng
anti-Qing
refers to the revolutionary movements in late 19th and early 20th century leading up to 1911 Xinhai revolution 辛亥革命 [xīn hài gé mìng]
Guì fēi Zuì jiǔ
The Drunken Beauty, Qing Dynasty Beijing opera
Qìng ān
Qing'an county in Suihua 綏化|绥化, Heilongjiang
Qīng bīng
Qing troops
Manchu soldiers
ài qīng
Ai Qing (1910-1996), Chinese poet
qiū jǐn
Qiu Jin (1875-1907), famous female martyr of the anti-Qing revolution, the subject of several books and films
wù xū biàn fǎ
failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898
also known as the hundred days reform 百日維新|百日维新
bǎ zǒng
low-level officer of the army from the Ming to the mid Qing Dynasty
fú jìn
in Qing dynasty, Manchurian word for wife
Liǔ Qīng
Liu Qing (1916-1978), writer
sì qīng
see 四清運動|四清运动[sì qīng yùn dòng]
the “Four Clean-ups” Movement
Zhāng Zhī dòng
Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), prominent politician in late Qing
sǎn qǔ
verse or song form from Yuan, Ming and Qing
huì dǎng
anti-Qing secret societies
Wǔ chāng qǐ yì
the Wuchang Uprising of 10th October 1911 that led to Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai revolution and the fall of the Qing dynasty
Hǎi shēn wǎi
Vladivostok
Ming and Qing name for Vladivostok 符拉迪沃斯託克|符拉迪沃斯托克 and the province around it
Huáng tài jí
Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor
posthumous name 清太宗
Běi yáng zhèng fǔ
the Warlord government of Northern China that developed from the Qing Beiyang army 北洋軍閥|北洋军阀 after the Xinhai revolution of 1911
Yuán Méi
Yuan Mei (1716-1798), famous Qing poet and critic, one of Three great poets of the Qianlong era 乾嘉三大家
Běi yáng jūn
north China army, a modernizing Western-style army set up during late Qing, and a breeding ground for the Northern Warlords after the Qinghai revolution
xiāng shì
the triennial provincial imperial exam during the Ming and Qing
Rú lín Wài shǐ
The Scholars, Qing dynasty novel by Wu Jingzi 吳敬梓|吴敬梓[Wu2 Jing4 zi3], an extended satire on the Imperial Examination system
fú shēng liù jì
Six records of a floating life, autobiographical novel and description of Qing dynasty life by 沈復|沈复[Shen3 Fu4], published 1808
xīn xué
School of Mind
Neo-Confucian Idealistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Wang Yangming 王陽明|王阳明[Wang2 Yang2 ming2])
shè xué
Ming or Qing dynasty school
Gù Yán wǔ
Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), late Ming and early Qing Confucian philosopher, linguist and historian, played a founding role in phonology of early Chinese, author of Rizhilu or Record of daily study 日知錄|日知录
Tán Sì tóng
Tan Sitong (1865-1898), Qing writer and politician, one of the Six Gentlemen Martyrs 戊戌六君子 of the unsuccessful reform movement of 1898
fēng jiāng
border region
regional general acting as governor (in Ming and Qing times)
Qīng shǐ gǎo
Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, sometimes listed as number 25 or 26 of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽|赵尔巽[Zhao4 Er3 xun4] in 1927 during the Northern Warlords period, 536 scrolls
Láng shì níng
Giuseppe Castiglione (1688-1766) Jesuit who served as Qing court painter for 50 years
Lǐ Yú
Li Yu (1611-c. 1680), late Ming and early Qing writer and dramatist
Wáng fū zhī
Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), wide-ranging scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
Zōu Róng
Zou Rong (1885-1905), a martyr of the anti-Qing revolution, died in jail in 1905
tōng shāng kǒu àn
treaty port, forced on Qing China by the 19th century Great Powers
Xiāng gé lǐ lā xiàn
Shangri-La county in Dêqên or Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture 迪慶藏族自治州|迪庆藏族自治州[Dí qìng Zàng zú zì zhì zhōu], northwest Yunnan
formerly Gyeltang or Gyalthang, Chinese 中甸[Zhōng diàn] in Tibetan province of Kham
Zhāng yí
Zhang Yi (1608-1695), prolific author and poet spanning interregnum between Ming and Qing
Huáng Zōng xī
Huang Zongxi (1610-1695), scholar and writer of the Ming-Qing transition
xiào lián
xiaolian, two examination subjects in Han, later a single subject in Ming and Qing
successful second degree candidate
qǐng
Indian mallow (Abutilon theophrasti)
Indian hemp (cannabis)
jūn jī chù
Office of Military and Political Affairs (Qing Dynasty)
qíng
to tattoo criminals on the face or forehead
fù guó qiáng bīng
lit. rich country, strong army (idiom); slogan of legalist philosophers in pre-Han times
Make the country wealthy and the military powerful, slogan of modernizers in Qing China and Meiji Japan (Japanese pronunciation: Fukoku kyōhei)
Dà Qīng dì guó
the (great) Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
Qing empire
Nán jīng tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nanjing (1842) that concluded the First Opium War between Qing China and Britain
kāng qián shèng shì
booming and golden age of Qing dynasty (from Kang Xi to Qian Long emperors)
qíng
instrument for straightening bows
Suí Táng yǎn yì
Dramatized History of Sui and Tang, novel by Qing dynasty author Chu Renhuo 褚人獲|褚人获
yáng wù pài
the foreign learning or Westernizing faction in the late Qing
Zhào Yì
Zhao Yi (1727-1814), Qing dynasty poet and historian, one of Three great poets of the Qianlong era 乾嘉三大家
dǐng dài
cap badge (official sign of rank in Qing dynasty)
Ruǎn Yuán
scholar-official in the Qing dynasty (1764-1849)
Sān hé huì
Triads, organized crime society
Triad Society (early Qing anti-Manchu secret society)
guāng lù dài fu
honorific title during Tang to Qing times, approx. "Glorious grand master"
Ér nǚ Yīng xióng zhuàn
The Gallant Maid, novel by Manchu-born Qing dynasty writer 文康[Wén Kāng]
Wú Jìng zǐ
Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), Qing dynasty novelist, author of The Scholars 儒林外史[Ru2 lin2 Wai4 shi3]
Gōng qīn wáng
Grand Prince (Qing title)
Jì Yún
Ji Yun (1724-1805), Qing Dynasty writer, author of supernatural novel Notes on a Minutely Observed Thatched Hut 閱微草堂筆記|阅微草堂笔记
jìn gǔ
near ancient history (often taken to mean Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing times)
Qìng ān xiàn
Qing'an county in Suihua 綏化|绥化, Heilongjiang
bǎi rì wéi xīn
failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898
also called 戊戌維新|戊戌维新
lǎo cán yóu jì
novel by late Qing novelist Liu E 劉鶚|刘鹗, classified as novel of denunciation
Niè hǎi huā
Flower in the sea of evil, late Qing novel by Jin Tianhe 金天翮[Jin1 Tian1 he2]
bàn fēng jiàn bàn zhí mín dì
semi-feudal and semi-colonial (the official Marxist description of China in the late Qing and under the Guomindang)
fǔ zhì
seat of prefectural government (from Tang to Qing times)
Mǎn Qīng zhèng fǔ
Manchurian Qing government
Zhōng qīng
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠清北道[Zhōng qīng běi dào] and South Chungcheong province 忠清南道[Zhōng qīng nán dào] of South Korea
Liú È
Liu E (1857-1909), late Qing novelist, author of 老殘遊記|老残游记[Lao3 Can2 You2 ji4]
wù xū wéi xīn
failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898
also called 戊戌變法|戊戌变法
suǒ guó
to close a country
to exclude foreign contact
closed country (Qing China, North Korea etc)
Huáng Zūn xiàn
Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), Qing dynasty poet and diplomat, author of A record of Japan 日本國誌|日本国志, an extended analysis of Meiji Japan
Shùn zhì dì
Fulin Emperor Shunzhi (1638-1662), second Qing emperor, reigned 1644-1662
Dèng Shì chāng
Deng Shichang (1849-1894), Qing dynasty naval specialist, founded naval dockyards and two naval colleges, died heroically in action against the Japanese
zǒng lǐ yá men
the Qing dynasty equivalent of the Foreign Office
Tiān jīn tiáo yuē
Treaty of Tianjin of 1858, a sequence of unequal treaties 不平等條約|不平等条约 between Russia, USA, England, France and Qing China
guān fáng
security measures (esp. border security)
official seal (esp. military seal during Qing and Ming times)
èr shí nián mù dǔ zhī guài xiàn zhuàng
The strange state of the world witnessed over 20 years, novel by late Qing novelist Wu Jianren 吳趼人, classified as "novel of denunciation" 譴責小說|谴责小说
Sān xiá wǔ yì
Sanxia wuyi (lit. Three knight-errants and five righteous one), novel edited from stories of late Qing dynasty pinghua 評話|评话 master storyteller Shi Yukun 石玉昆
Zhāng Tíng yù
Zhang Tingyu (1672-1755), Qing politician, senior minister to three successive emperors, oversaw compilation of History of the Ming Dynasty 明史[Ming2 shi3] and the Kangxi Dictionary 康熙字典[Kang1 xi1 Zi4 dian3]
Niǎn jūn
Nien Army, leading a peasant rebellion against Qing dynasty in Northern China from 1851-1868, at the same time as the Taiping Rebellion in South China
Jiāng nán shěng
name of Qing dynasty province covering south Jiangsu, south Anhui and north Zhejiang provinces, with capital at Nanjing
Qīng tài zōng
posthumous title of Hung Taiji 皇太極|皇太极 (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor
Xuē Fú chéng
Xue Fucheng (1838-1894), Qing official and progressive political theorist
xiǎo dāo huì
Dagger Society, anti-Qing secret society who mounted an unsuccessful rebellion in 1855
guān huàn rén jiā
family of a functionary (i.e. educated middle class in Qing times)
Chén Tiān huà
Chen Tianhua (1875-1905), anti-Qing revolutionary from Hunan, drowned himself in Japan in 1905
wù xū zhèng biàn
coup by Dowager Empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Cí Xǐ tài hòu] ending the 1898 attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
Shěn Fù
Shen Fu (1763-c. 1810), Qing dynasty writer, author of Six records of a floating life 浮生六記|浮生六记[fu2 sheng1 liu4 ji4]
wǔ kǒu tōng shāng
the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京條約|南京条约 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 廣州|广州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 寧波|宁波, Xiamen or Amoy 廈門|厦门 and Shanghai 上海
guāng fù huì
anti-Qing revolutionary party set up in 1904 under Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培
same as 復古會|复古会
cháng shèng jūn
Ever Victorious Army (1860-1864), Qing dynasty army equipped and trained jointly with Europeans and used esp. against the Taiping rebels
mǎng páo
official robe worn by ministers during the Ming 明 (1368-1644) and Qing 清 (1644-1911) dynasties
yǐ yí zhì yí
to use foreigners to subdue foreigners (idiom); let the barbarians fight it out among themselves (traditional policy of successive dynasties)
Use Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment. (late Qing modernizing slogan)
Qīng zhōu
Cheongju, capital of North Chungcheong Province, South Korea 忠清北道[Zhōng qīng běi dào]
Ní bù chǔ tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1698) between Qing China and Russia
yáng jiào
foreign religion (esp. Western Christianity in Qing China)
Lǐ Rǔ zhēn
Li Ruzhen (c. 1763-c. 1830), Qing novelist and phonologist, author of fantasy novel Jinghua Yuan 鏡花緣|镜花缘 or Flowers in the Mirror
Dīng Rǔ chāng
Ding Ruchang (1836-1895), commander of the Qing North China Navy
Wú Jiǎn rén
Wu Jianren (1867-1910), late Qing dynasty novelist, author of The strange state of the world witnessed over 20 years 二十年目睹之怪現狀|二十年目睹之怪现状
lìng cè
the Other List (Qing dynasty register of outlaws)
a blacklist of undesirables
yuàn shì
the last of the three entry-level exams in the imperial examination system of Ming and Qing dynasties
Lǐ Bǎo jiā
Li Boyuan 李伯元 or Li Baojia (1867-1906), late Qing journalist, novelist and social observer, author of Observations on the current state of officialdom 官場現形記|官场现形记
Hóng zhāng
Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat
Qīng huáng cháo
the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
sān fān zhī luàn
Three feudatories rebellion against Qing 1673-1681 during the reign of Kangxi
Zhào Ěr xùn
Zhao Erxun (1844-1927), modern historian, compiled the Draft History of the Qing dynasty 清史稿
Zēng Jì zé
Cang Jize or Tseng Chi-tse (1839-1890), pioneer diplomat of late Qing, serve as imperial commissioner (ambassador) to UK, France and Russia
Ān Dé hǎi
An Dehai (-1869), the Qing equivalent of Rasputin, all-powerful court eunuch with the dowager empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4], executed in 1869 by her rival Empress Mother Empress Dowager Ci'an 慈安皇太后
ài hún tiáo yuē
Treaty of Aigun, 1858 unequal treaty forced on Qing China by Tsarist Russia
Qīng shí lù
Qing historical archive, currently 4484 scrolls
qí lù dēng
Lamp in the side-street, novel by Qing dynasty writer Li Lüyuan 李绿园[Lǐ Lǜ yuán]
also written 岐路燈|岐路灯
Huá xīng huì
anti-Qing revolutionary party set up in Changsha by 黃興|黄兴[Huang2 Xing1] in 1904, a precursor of Sun Yat-sen's Alliance for Democracy 同盟會|同盟会[Tong2 meng2 hui4] and of the Guomindang
fú Qīng miè yáng
Support the Qing, annihilate the West! (Boxer rebellion slogan)
Wáng Shì zhēn
Wang Shizhen (1634-1711), early Qing poet
chuán zhèng xué táng
Fuzhou naval college, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty, called the cradle of Chinese navy
Zūn huà xiàn
Zunhua county in Tangshan 唐山, Hebei, with the Eastern Qing tombs
Zunhua county level city
zǎi tián
birth name of Qing emperor Guangxu 光緒|光绪
Chén Chén
Chen Chen (1613-1670), novelist and poet at the Ming-Qing transition, author of Water Margin sequel 水滸後傳|水浒后传
qiū wéi
autumn exam (triennial provincial exam during Ming and Qing)
Jiǎng Shì quán
Jiang Shiquan (1725-1784), Qing poet, one of Three great poets of the Qianlong era 乾嘉三大家
qí jí
Manchu household register (during the Qing Dynasty)
Lù Róng tíng
Lu Rongting (1858-1928), provincial governor of Guangxi under the Qing, subsequently leader of old Guangxi warlord faction
Dài Míng shì
Dai Mingshi (1653-1713), early Qing writer
Lǜ yíng bīng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
jiǔ wěi guī
nine-tailed turtle of mythology
The Nine-tailed Turtle, novel by late Qing novelist Zhang Chunfan 張春帆|张春帆
Mǎ jiá ěr ní
Earl George Macartney (1737-1806), leader of British mission to Qing China in 1793
Paul McCartney, former Beatle
Yì zhǔ
given name of Qing Emperor Xianfeng 咸豐|咸丰
Qīng shǐ liè zhuàn
Biographic history of Qing dynasty by a succession of authors, published 1928 and revised 1987, with biographies of 2,900 notable Qing commoner citizens, 80 scrolls
Shí Yù kūn
Shi Yukun (probably c. 1810-c. 1871), Qing pinghua 評話|评话 master storyteller
Lǐ Bó yuán
Li Boyuan or Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉 (1867-1906), late Qing journalist, novelist and social observer, author of Observations on the current state of officialdom 官場現形記|官场现形记
yě sǒu pù yán
Yesou puyan or Humble words of a rustic elder, monumental Qing novel by Xia Jingqu 夏敬渠
Bái xiāng cí pǔ
Anthology of ci poems tunes (1795), edited by Xu Menglan 舒夢蘭|舒梦兰, with 100 accessible poems from Tang through to Qing times
Xī yì
Western skills
in Qing times, refers to Western technology, esp. military and naval know-how
dà dāo huì
Great Sword Society, an offshoot of the White Lotus in the late Qing dynasty, involved in anti-Western activity at the time of the Boxer rebellion
chuán zhèng dà chén
Ministry of Navy during Qing times
Wū lǐ yǎ sū tái
Uliastai, the Qing name for outer Mongolia
Zhōng É Běi jīng tiáo yuē
the Treaty of Beijing of 1860 between Qing China and Tsarist Russia
Yì xīn
Grand Prince Yixin (1833-1898), sixth son of Emperor Daoguang, prominent politician, diplomat and modernizer in late Qing
qiū shì
autumn exam (triennial provincial exam during Ming and Qing)
Huáng zú nèi gé
Qing emergency cabinet set up in May 1911 to confront the Xinhai rebels
Wén míng xiǎo shǐ
Short history of civilization, late Qing novel by Li Boyuan 李伯元 or Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉 describing the turmoil after the 1900 Eight nation intervention
Féng Wǔ
Feng Doubo or Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition
also called 馮竇伯|冯窦伯[Feng2 Dou4 bo2]
Lǐ Lǜ yuán
Li Lüyuan (1707-1790), Qing dynasty writer, author of novel Lamp in the side-street 岐路燈|岐路灯
Sū bào àn
Qing's 1903 suppression of revolutionary calls in newspaper 蘇報|苏报, leading to imprisonment of Zhang Taiyan 章太炎 and Zou Rong 鄒容|邹容
yáng yuán
Westerner employed in Qing China (as professor or military advisor etc)
qiū shěn
autumn trial (judicial hearing of capital cases during Ming and Qing)
Xiāo Yī shān
Xiao Yishan (1902-1978), Modern historian of the Qing dynasty
tì fà lìng
the Qing order to all men to shave their heads but keep a queue, first ordered in 1646
Qīng shǐ guǎn
office set up in 1914 to compile official history of the Qing dynasty
Chén Gōng yǐn
Chen Gongyin (1631-1700), early Qing dynasty poet
zhōng é ní bù chǔ tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1698) between Qing China and Russia
fān kù
government repository
state provincial warehouse (esp. during Qing dynasty)
Zhōng qīng dào
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠淸北道[Zhōng qīng běi dào] and South Chungcheong province 忠淸南道[Zhōng qīng nán dào] of South Korea
Jiǎ shēn zhèng biàn
unsuccessful and bloody Korean palace coup in 1884 by Westernisers against conservatives, crushed by Qing troops
Gōng qīn wáng Yì xīn
Grand Prince Yixin (1833-1898), sixth son of Emperor Daoguang, prominent politician, diplomat and modernizer in late Qing
Qīng dài tōng shǐ
General history of the Qing dynasty, compiled under Xiao Yishan 蕭一山
Wáng Dài yú
Wang Daiyu (1584-1670), Hui Islamic scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
Sān fān pàn luàn
rebellion against the Qing of 1670s, pacified by Kangxi
Xī lóu jì
Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan Yuling 袁于令
same as 西樓夢|西楼梦
yáng wù xué táng
college of Western learning in late Qing
Xióng Chéng jī
Xiong Chengji (1887-1910), anti-Qing revolutionary and martyr
Yuán Yú lìng
Yuan Yuling (-1674) Qing writer, author of 西樓記|西楼记[Xi1 lou2 Ji4]
Wú Rèn chén
Wu Renchen (1628-1689), Qing dynasty polymath and historian, author of History of Ten States of South China 十國春秋|十国春秋
Zhōng É Yī lí tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Zhāng Chūn fān
Zhang Chunfan (-1935), late Qing novelist, author of The Nine-tailed Turtle 九尾龜|九尾龟
zhì lóng táng sòng
"Ruled better that Tang and Song"
Qing Emperor Kangxi's memorial tribute to the first Ming emperor Hongwu 洪武
Qīng zhōu shì
Cheongju, capital of North Chungcheong Province, South Korea 忠清北道[Zhōng qīng běi dào]
Xià Jìng qú
Xia Jingqu (1705-1787), Qing novelist, author of monumental novel 野叟曝言[Ye3 sou3 Pu4 yan2] Humble Words of a Rustic Elder
Mǎ jiá ěr ní shǐ tuán
the Macartney mission to Qing China in 1793
Shěn Bǎo zhēn
Shen Baozhen (1820-1879), Qing Minister of the Navy, founded Fuzhou Naval College 船政學堂|船政学堂[Chuan2 zheng4 Xue2 tang2] in 1866
Láng Wēi lǐ
Captain William M Lang (1843-), British adviser to the Qing north China navy 北洋水師|北洋水师 during the 1880s
shuǐ lù shī
army and navy (in Qing times)
Pǔ jùn
a Qing prince who was the designated successor to emperor Guangxu until the Boxer uprising
Jīn Tiān hé
Jin Tianhe (1874-1947), late Qing poet and novelist, author of Flower in the sea of evil 孽海花
Lǜ qí bīng
same as 綠營|绿营[lǜ yíng], Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Tiān jīn huì yì zhuān tiáo
Tianjin agreement of 1885 between Li Hongzhang 李鴻章|李鸿章[Li3 Hong2 zhang1] and ITŌ Hirobumi 伊藤博文[Yi1 teng2 Bo2 wen2] to pull Qing and Japanese troops out of Korea
Dà xī yáng guó
Historical name for Portugal during the Qing dynasty
lián fèng
extra allowances paid to government officials in the Qing dynasty
Lǐ wǎ jī yà tiáo yuē
draft unequal treaty of Livadia (Crimea) of 1879 between Russia and Qing China, subsequently renegotiated
fù gǔ huì
anti-Qing revolutionary party set up in 1904 under Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培
same as 光復會|光复会
Xī lóu mèng
Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan Yuling 袁于令
same as 西樓記|西楼记
Jīn guó hàn
the Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-)
the Manchu Khanate or kingdom that took over as the Qing dynasty in 1644
Luó Shì chāng
Luo Shichang, Qing dynasty painter
Péng Yǎng ōu
Peng Yangou, late Qing novelist, author of Black register of lost souls 黑籍冤魂
Zhōng É gǎi dìng tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Mǎ gá ěr ní
Earl George Macartney (1737-1806), leader of British mission to Qing China in 1793
Paul McCartney, former Beatle
Mǎ wěi jūn gǎng
Mawei naval base at Fuzhou city (in Qing times)
qí lù dēng
Lamp in side-street (c. 1777), novel by Qing dynasty writer Li Lüyuan 李綠園|李绿园
Huáng tài jí Qīng tài zōng
Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor
Fēn xún Bīng Bèi dào
Qing Dynasty General Supervisory and Military Command
gǎi dìng Yī lí tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881 in which Russia agreed to hand back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Mǎ gá ěr ní shǐ tuán
the Macartney mission to Qing China in 1793
Mǎ wěi shuǐ shī xué táng
Mawei River naval college, alternative name for Fuzhou naval college 福州船政學堂|福州船政学堂, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty
Wú Jiā jīng
Wu Jiajing (1618-1684), early Qing dynasty poet
Féng Dòu bó
Feng Doubo or Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition
also called 馮武|冯武[Feng2 Wu3]
àn shǒu
candidate who ranked 1st in imperial examination on prefecture or county level (in Ming and Qing dynasties)
Gǎi dìng Yī lí Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881 in which Russia agreed to hand back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Qīng shǐ Liè zhuàn
Biographic History of Qing Dynasty by a succession of authors, published 1928 and revised 1987, with biographies of 2,900 notable Qing commoner citizens, 80 scrolls
Ài Qīng
Ai Qing (1910-1996), Chinese poet
Lǎo Cán Yóu jì
The Travels of Lao Tsan, novel by late Qing novelist Liu E 劉鶚|刘鹗[Liu2 E4]
Xīn jūn
New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895)
Zūn huà Xiàn
Zunhua County in Tangshan 唐山[Tang2 shan1], Hebei, with the Eastern Qing tombs
Zunhua county level city
sān hé huì
triad, Chinese crime gang
triad society, anti-Manchu secret society in Qing-dynasty China
Yě sǒu Pù yán
Yesou Puyan or Humble Words of a Rustic Elder, monumental Qing novel by Xia Jingqu 夏敬渠[Xia4 Jing4 qu2]
Nán jīng Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nanjing (1842) that concluded the First Opium War between Qing China and Britain
Ní bù chǔ Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1698) between Qing China and Russia
Zhāng Yìn huán
Zhang Yinhuan (1837-1900), late Qing politician and senior Chinese diplomat
Suí Táng Yǎn yì
Dramatized History of Sui and Tang, novel by Qing dynasty author Chu Renhuo 褚人獲|褚人获[Chu3 Ren2 huo4]
Lǜ qí bīng
same as 綠營|绿营[lu:4 ying2], Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Wǔ chāng Qǐ yì
Wuchang Uprising of October 10th, 1911, which led to Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution and the fall of the Qing dynasty
Guān chǎng Xiàn xíng Jì
Observations on the Current State of Officialdom, late Qing novel by Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉[Li3 Bao3 jia4]
Gǔ wén Guān zhǐ
Guwen Guanzhi, an anthology of essays written in Literary Chinese, compiled and edited by Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou of Qing dynasty
Qí lù Dēng
Lamp in the Side Street, novel by Qing dynasty writer Li Lüyuan 李綠園|李绿园[Li3 Lu:4 yuan2]
also written 岐路燈|岐路灯
zhì qián
copper coin of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Nán yuàn
Nanyuan or "Southern Park", an imperial hunting domain during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, now the site of Nanhaizi Park in the south of Beijing
Shī Láng
Shi Lang (1621-1696), Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Lǜ yíng
Green Standard Army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Lǜ yíng bīng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Jìng huā Yuán
Jinghua Yuan or Flowers in the Mirror, Qing novel of fantasy and erudition (early 19th century) by Li Ruzhen 李汝珍[Li3 Ru3 zhen1]
Jīn guó hán
the Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-)
the Manchu khanate or kingdom that took over as the Qing dynasty in 1644
Lǚ Dà Zū dì Tiáo yuē
unequal treaty of 1898 whereby the Qing dynasty ceded the lease of Lüshun (Port Arthur) to Russia
Qīng
abbr. for 青海[Qing1 hai3], Qinghai Province
Wáng Fū zhī
Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), wide-ranging scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
gǎn qing
actually
as it turns out
indeed
of course
Ér nǚ Yīng xióng Zhuàn
The Gallant Maid, novel by Manchu-born Qing dynasty writer 文康[Wen2 Kang1]
Nǚ zhēn
Jurchen, a Tungus ethnic group, predecessor of the Manchu ethnic group who founded the Later Jin Dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1] and Qing Dynasty
Nà lán Xìng dé
Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), Manchu ethnic Qing dynasty poet
Wèi Yuán
Wei Yuan (1794-1857), Qing dynasty thinker, historian and scholar
Xiǎo dāo huì
Dagger Society, anti-Qing secret society who mounted an unsuccessful rebellion in 1855
Gē lǎo huì
late-Qing underground resistance movement against the Qing dynasty
Tiān jīn Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Tianjin of 1858, a sequence of unequal treaties 不平等條約|不平等条约 between Russia, USA, England, France and Qing China
Bǎi rì Wéi xīn
Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
Fó ye
Buddha (term of respect for Sakyamuni 釋迦牟尼|释迦牟尼[Shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2])
His Holiness (refers to a Buddhist grandee)
Buddha
God
emperor
in late Qing court, refers exclusively to Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4]
Yōng zhèng
Yongzheng, reign name of Qing emperor (1722-1735)
Wú Sān guì
Wu Sangui (1612-1678), Chinese general who let the Manchus into China and helped them establish the Qing Dynasty, later leading a revolt against Qing in an effort to start his own dynasty
Qián lóng
Qianlong Emperor (1711-1799), sixth Qing emperor, princely title 寶親王|宝亲王[Bao3 Qin1 wang2], personal name 弘曆|弘历[Hong2 li4], reigned 1735-1799
Huáng Tài jí
Hong Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor
posthumous name 清太宗
Wéi xīn Biàn fǎ
Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
Zhōng É Yī lí Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Zhōng É Běi jīng Tiáo yuē
the Treaty of Beijing of 1860 between Qing China and Tsarist Russia
Zhōng É Ní bù chǔ Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1698) between Qing China and Russia
Zhōng É Gǎi dìng Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Wén míng Xiǎo shǐ
Short History of Civilization, late Qing novel by Li Boyuan 李伯元[Li3 Bo2 yuan2] or Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉[Li3 Bao3 jia1] describing the turmoil after the 1900 Eight-Nation Alliance 八國聯軍|八国联军[Ba1 guo2 Lian2 jun1]
Kǒng Shàng rèn
Kong Shangren (1648-1718), Qing dramatist and poet, author of The Peach Blossom Fan 桃花扇[Tao2 hua1 Shan4]
lā jiāo qing
to try to form friendly ties with sb for one's own benefit
to suck up to sb
dǎ qiān
genuflection, a form of salutation in Qing times performed by men, going down on the right knee and reaching down with the right hand
Xī lóu Jì
Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan Yuling 袁于令[Yuan2 Yu2 ling4]
same as 西樓夢|西楼梦
shì qing
affair
matter
thing
business
CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1]
Shèng zǔ
Shengzu, temple name of the second Qing emperor, known as the Kangxi Emperor (1654-1722)
cf. 康熙[Kang1 xi1]
Běi yáng
the Qing Dynasty name for the coastal provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong
Lǐ xué
School of Principle
Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Cheng Hao 程顥|程颢[Cheng2 Hao4], Cheng Yi 程頤|程颐[Cheng2 Yi2] and Zhu Xi 朱熹[Zhu1 xi1])
Zǎi tián
birth name of Qing emperor Guangxu 光緒|光绪[Guang1 xu4]
fǔ shì
prefectural exam, the 2nd of the three entry-level exams in the imperial examination system of Ming and Qing dynasties
Lǐ Yǎ gè
James Legge (1815-1897), Scottish Protestant missionary in Qing China and translator of the Chinese classics into English
jiáo qing
(Beijing dialect) argumentative
unreasonable
Èr shí Nián Mù dǔ zhī Guài Xiàn zhuàng
The Strange State of the World Witnessed Over 20 Years, novel by late Qing novelist Wu Jianren 吳趼人|吴趼人[Wu2 Jian3 ren2]
Dà Qīng Dì guó
the (great) Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
Qing Empire
Sì kù Quán shū
Siku Quanshu (collection of books compiled during Qing dynasty)
Lǐ Lǜ yuán
Li Lüyuan (1707-1790), Qing dynasty writer, author of novel Lamp in the Side Street 岐路燈|岐路灯[Qi2 lu4 Deng1]
Mǎn Hàn quán xí
the Manchu Han imperial feast, a legendary banquet in the Qing dynasty
(fig.) a sumptuous banquet
Chuán zhèng Dà chén
Minister of Navy during Qing times
Chuán zhèng Xué táng
Fuzhou Naval College, a.k.a. Foochow Naval Dockyard School, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty
Ài hún Tiáo yuē
Treaty of Aigun, 1858 unequal treaty forced on Qing China by Tsarist Russia
Xīn hài Gé mìng
Xinhai Revolution (1911), which ended the Qing Dynasty
bā gǔ wén
eight-part essay one had to master to pass the imperial exams in Ming and Qing dynasties
Wù xū Zhèng biàn
coup by Dowager Empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4] ending the 1898 attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
Wù xū Wéi xīn
Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
gé ge
princess (loanword from Manchu, used in the Qing Dynasty)
Wù xū Biàn fǎ
Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
Hé shēn
Heshen (1746-1799), Manchu official of the Qing Dynasty who openly practiced various forms of corruption on a grand scale
tào jiāo qing
to try to gain sb's friendship
huì yuán
provincial imperial examination graduate who ranked 1st in metropolitan examination (in Ming and Qing dynasties)
Wài wù bù
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Qing Dynasty
fǎn Qīng
anti-Qing
refers to the revolutionary movements in late 19th and early 20th century leading up to 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4]