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Language Names and Demonymic Adjectives

The name of a language in German is often almost identical to the adjective form of the associated country. The only difference is that—unlike in English—German demonymic adjectives are generally not capitalized. The vast majority of these words have an -isch ending. In these examples, you can note the difference between the language name and adjective in terms of capitalization:

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Das ist Griechisch: „Chi Rho“.

That's Greek: "Chi Rho."

Caption 35, Archäologie: Der Fund der Frankfurter Silberinschrift

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Da gab es zum Beispiel den griechischen Philosophen und Naturforscher Empedokles.

For example, there was the Greek philosopher and naturalist Empedocles.

Captions 9-10, Deutsch mit Eylin: Die vier Elemente

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Und vor allem Menschen, die Ukrainisch und Russisch sprechen ...

And, above all, people who speak Ukrainian and Russian...

Caption 10, Private Hilfe auf dem Bahnsteig: Berliner helfen Ukrainern

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Ich spreche Thai, Chinesisch, Englisch, Deutsch, Französisch und Italienisch.

I speak Thai, Chinese, English, German, French, and Italian.

Caption 25, Nicos Weg: Andere Länder

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Zweieinhalb Jahre lang tobte ein unerbittlicher Kampf zwischen dem italienischen und dem österreichischen Heer.

For two and a half years, a relentless battle raged between the Italian and Austrian armies.

Captions 37-38, Die letzten Paradiese Schätze der Natur: Südtirol

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Some languages/adjectives that do not have this -isch ending are das Urdu, das Hindi, das Tamil, das Yoruba and das Paschtu. These have different adjective forms as well, such as hinduistisch or yorubaisch

 

And let's not forget Schweizer for "swiss," which, of course, is not the name of a language except as part of das Schweizerdeutsch. Due to its -er ending, Schweizer is always written with a capital "S." 

 

Er entspringt in einem Schweizer Gebirge und der Hauptarm mündet bei Rotterdam in die Nordsee.

It has its source in a Swiss mountain range, and the main branch flows into the North Sea near Rotterdam.

Captions 13-14, Deutsch mit Paula: Flüsse in Deutschland

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Language names in German are generally neuter and take the article das. Thus, to speak about origins of words, we need a dative construction with dem

 

Das Wort "Asteroid" stammt aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet "sternenähnlich".

The word "asteroid" originates from the Greek and means "star-like."

Caption 6, Unser Universum Asteroiden: Gefahr aus dem All?

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Hier übersetzte Martin Luther die Bibel aus dem Griechischen und Lateinischen ins Deutsche.

This is where Martin Luther translated the Bible from Greek and Latin into German.

Captions 35-36, Bundesländer und ihre Rezepte: Thüringen

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Further Learning
You can look up the names for various languages in a dictionary or on Yabla German

Party Like It's 2019?

That's a bad idea at the moment, best not to. But it doesn't hurt to remember better times. The late American president Ronald Reagan once told the United Nations General Assembly, "I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside of this world." Now that we're facing a threat from within this world, we can only hope that it will help people and nations get along better and create a more caring society.

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It's very strange to be watching television — and that's probably the main leisure activity of most of us most of the time in these COVID-19 days — and see people in large gatherings greeting each other with hugs. It's almost as if we're watching a science fiction movie or some historical drama where people behaved completely differently than they are allowed to now. 

 

In the spirit of better times and in the hope that when things return to "normal," it'll be better than before, let's focus this week on the German noun die Party. It's a loanword from English and in this case takes on the sixth definition listed in the Merriam-Webster dictionary: "a social gathering." 

 

Letzte Nacht haben sie mich zu einer Party mitgenommen mit all ihren Freunden.

Last night they took me to a party with all their friends.

Caption 9, Die Wohngemeinschaft - Die Verabredung

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War die Party gut?

Was the party good?

-Sehr gut. Die Party war super.

-Very good. The party was super.

Caption 3, Nicos Weg - A1 Folge 20: Andere Länder

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Viele machen sich's gemütlich zu Hause oder sie gehen auf eine Party.

Many people will make themselves comfortable at home or they will go to a party.

Caption 93, Silvester - Vorsätze für das neue Jahr - Linkenheim

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Die größte Party ist natürlich wie jedes Jahr im Piratenland.

The biggest party is, of course, in Pirate Land as it is every year.

Caption 23, Die Insel Fehmarn - Surffestival

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With eine Party, you have to be careful with the plural. German, unlike English, does not have the rule that "y" becomes "ie" when "s" is added for the plural form of the word. In German, "s" is simply added after the "y." The plural die Partys looks like a misspelling or something from a Shakespeare play, but in German it's quite correct: 

 

Wie hält man so viele Shows und Partys nonstop eine Woche lang durch?

How do you keep up with so many shows and parties non-stop for a whole week?

Caption 45, Modewoche in Berlin - Halbzeit für Fashion-Fans

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Hier gibt es ein Café, eine Sporthalle und viele Partys.

Here there is a café, a gymnasium and many parties.

Caption 17, Universität - Karlsruhe

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Further Learning
Be sure you don't mix die Party up with another noun, die Partei, as the latter means a political party—not the fun kind. Watch the full videos listed above on Yabla German to get into the party spirit and see the word used in a context that we hope will be more like the "real world" soon. You can also read this Zwiebelfisch article about German Partys vs. English "parties." And when you're done, read this article on Psychology Today about the possible positive effects of an alien invasion and see if some of it might apply to our current situation. Staying positive is one of the most important things of all!