Around 45% of English words have French origins and most of them, such as art, competition, force, machine, money, police, publicity, role, routine, and table are everyday English words spoken with English pronunciation. There are, however, a number of French words that are commonly used in English that have retained their French character and are unmistakably "French sounding" to the English listener. These foreign words that have been incorporated into the native language are called Loanwords (or Lehnwörter in German).
German too has its share of French loanwords, or Gallicisms, although German vocabulary has fewer words of French origin than English does.
Was Avantgardistisches? -Genau, genau, so kann man das sehen.
Something avant-garde? -Exactly, exactly, you can look at it like this.
Caption 16, Rat für nachhaltige Entwicklung - Mode gegen Armut
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Some terms come from cultural milieus such as art. In avantgardistisch, the German version of "avant-garde," the hyphen has been dropped, forming a single word.
Der Mohn kommt in die Vinaigrette, ein wenig Honig dazu.
The poppy seeds go into the vinaigrette, a little honey's added to it.
Caption 56, Kochhaus Berlin - Rucola-Salat-Rezept
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As with English, many French loanwords come from the culinary world. The German Vinaigrette is capitalized as a noun, but otherwise identical to the English and the French.
Du hast für PeTA 'ne ziemlich coole neue Kampagne geschossen.
You shot a pretty cool new campaign for PeTA.
Caption 30, Tierfreund Mario Barth - Der Tätowierer der Stars
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Many other French loanwords in German come from politics and military jargon. In this last example, the spelling of the original French word campagne is Germanized as die Kampagne, and the English spelling "campaign" is different as well! In most cases, however, loanwords retain the original spellings and diacritical marks.
Further Learning
Go to the German Wikipedia listing of Gallicisms, and when you find a familiar word, do a video search on Yabla German and see how the French loanword is used in German.
We're back right away with the second part of our series on German cooking verbs. Take this opportunity to brush up on your cooking verbs with Yabla, and we wish you a guten Appetit!
durchrühren: stir together
Noch mal durchrühren,
Stir together again,
und dann ist erst mal wieder der Spargel dran.
and then the asparagus is up again.
Caption 42, Kochhaus Berlin - Rucola-Salat-Rezept
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durchziehen: pull through
Einfach mit dem Messer durchziehen.
Simply pull through [them] with a knife.
Caption 54, Cannelloni - mit Jenny
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erhitzen: heat
Eine kleine Pfanne bei mittelstarker Temperatur
Heat a small pan at medium-high temperature
mit zwei Esslöffel [sic, Esslöffeln] Olivenöl erhitzen.
with two tablespoons of olive oil.
Captions 20-21, Das perfekte Dinner - Kochen für Gäste
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grillen: grill or barbeque
Indem wir zusammen sitzen, grillen, Musik hören, lachen...
As we sit together, grilling, listening to music, laughing...
Caption 24, Trial-Meisterschaft - in Bensheim
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umrühren: stir, stir up
So, ähm, jetzt kannst du noch mal umrühren.
So, um, now you can stir it once again.
Caption 27, Weihnachtsplätzchen backen - mit Diane und vielen kleinen Helfern
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Further Learning:
Find some German recipes online and try cooking them at home. You can also search Yabla and find some videos with cooking themes to see more cooking words in context. Here is a list of more German verbs used in cooking starting with the letter B: backen: bake; bestreuen: sprinkle; braten: fry or roast (occasionally: grill); dämpfen: steam; dünsten: lightly cook in butter, oil, or juice; einlegen: conserve by pickling or canning; einmachen: conserve by canning; entbeinen: debone; entfetten: skim or remove fat; flambieren: set spirits on fire, usually brandy; garen: cook; gerinnen: curdle; gratinieren or überbacken: cook in oven or broil; häuten: de-skin; hineinschieben: place in oven, bake; hobeln: grate or slice; kandieren: crystallize using sugar; karamellisieren: caramelize; klären: clarify; kneten: knead; kochen: boil, cook; legieren: bind with egg yolk or cream
If you are studying German, you must be somewhat curious about German foods. This is the perfect opportunity to brush up on your cooking verbs, and Yabla is just the place to start!
abgießen: decant, pour out
Dafür muss ich das Öl in dem Glas abgießen.
For that, I have to pour out the oil in the jar.
Caption 58, Cannelloni - mit Jenny
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ablöschen: quench, deglaze, put out a fire
Achtung beim Spargel, nicht zu lange braten,
Be careful with asparagus, don't fry it too long,
dann mit Wasser ablöschen.
then deglaze it with water.
Caption 37, Kochhaus Berlin - Rucola-Salat-Rezept
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abtropfen: drain
Man und holt die raus, lässt die 'n bisschen abtropfen.
You take them out, and let them drain a little bit.
Caption 26, Bayrische Spätzle - mit Christiane
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anrichten: place in serving dish, arrange
Jetzt nur noch alles auf dem Teller schön anrichten.
Now just arrange everything nicely on the plate.
Caption 63, Kochhaus Berlin - Rucola-Salat-Rezept
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ausrollen: roll out
Jetzt wollen wir den Teig ausrollen.
Now we want to roll out the batter.
Caption 24, Weihnachtsplätzchen backen - mit Diane und vielen kleinen Helfern
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Further Learning:
Find some German recipes online and try cooking them at home. You can also search Yabla and find some videos with cooking themes to see some more cooking words in context. Here is a list of some more German verbs used in cooking starting with the letter A: (aus)quellen lassen: expand, rise; abbrühen: boil shortly; abdampfen: dry out over dry heat; abkühlen: cool off, cool down; abschmecken (degustieren): taste and season; abschütten: drain; abseihen: strain, sieve; abstechen: scoop, use a spoon for small portions; abziehen: skim or peel; abzupfen: pick off; anbraten: brown; anbrennen: burn; aufgehen: rise (yeast, soufflé); aufkochen: bring to boil; aufschlagen: beat, whip; aufwärmen: warm, reheat; aufziehen: rise (yeast, soufflé)
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