Part of learning the proper spelling of German words is memorizing any umlauts that they might contain. This is particularly important because certain words are identical except for the presence or absence of an umlaut. Let's have a look today at several verbs that need to be distinguished from one another.
Whereas the verb drücken means "to press" or "to hug," drucken means "to print."
Hey, Max, wir drucken es aus und hängen es ans schwarze Brett.
Hey, Max, we'll print it out and hang it on the blackboard.
Caption 25, Die Pfefferkörner: Gerüchteküche
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An Luzies Kamera muss man nur den Knopf hier drücken, und dann ist Ruhe.
On Luzie's camera, you just have to press the button here and then it's quiet.
Caption 26, Peppa Wutz: Einkaufen und mehr
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Similarly, rücken and rucken are also two different verbs, though they both refer to movement. While rücken means to move, approach, or advance, rucken without an umlaut means to jerk or move violently.
Der Hochzeitstag rückte näher und sie beschlossen, einen langen Spaziergang draußen im Wald zu unternehmen.
The wedding day was approaching and they decided to take a long walk outside in the woods.
Captions 7-8, Märchen - Sagenhaft: Jorinde und Joringel
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The verb lauten is used when you talk about how things are worded, spelled, or stated, whereas the verb läuten means "to chime" or "to ring," and refers to the sound of bells.
Natürlich. Wie lautet Ihre E-Mail-Adresse?
Of course. What is your email address?
Caption 64, Berufsleben: das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Dann verstecken sich alle in ihrem Zimmer, bis das Glöckchen läutet.
Then everyone hides in their room until the little bell rings.
Captions 30-31, Weihnachtsinterviews: Cettina in Linkenheim
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The verb füttern is used when you feed an animal or a small child. The verb futtern refers to eating food rather than giving someone food, and suggests a lack of manners or restraint in eating, similar to the English expression "pigging out."
Die Meisen lassen sich von uns sogar aus der Hand füttern.
The titmice can even be fed from our hands.
Caption 32, Die letzten Paradiese: Die Schönheit der Alpen 2
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Sie schafft Platz zu Hause und erfreut die Fans, die bald Burger unter der Bassgitarre futtern können.
She makes room at home and pleases the fans, who will soon be able to scarf down burgers under the bass guitar.
Captions 8-9, Christina Stürmer: ist reif fürs Museum
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The verbs zahlen and zählen may be the most frequently used verbs in this list.
Wollen wir die Lösegeldforderung nicht abwarten und zahlen?
Don't we want to wait for the ransom demand and pay?
Caption 42, Die Pfefferkörner: Das Wunderkind
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Sie zählen die Stimmen nach dem Ende der Wahl.
They count the votes after the end of the election.
Caption 30, Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Einbürgerungstest
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Further Learning
You'll find many more examples of these verbs on Yabla German.
In this lesson for beginners, we'll look at what are often also called "question words." Actually, they are mostly either interrogative pronouns/interrogative adverbs or relative pronouns/relative adverbs, depending on the usage.
Let's begin with the word was and look at how it can be used in both interrogative and declarative sentences. In addition to meaning "what," was can also be translated in certain sentences as "something," "anything," or "that which."
Was machst du denn noch in deiner Freizeit? Joggst du gerne?
What else do you do in your spare time then? Do you like to go jogging?
Caption 8, Nicos Weg: Was macht dir Spaß?
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Und was man dabei auch bemerkt hat, ist, dass da kaum Eis ist...
And what you've also noticed is that there's hardly any ice...
Caption 29, WWF Deutschland Klimawandel hautnah:Was sind die Auswirkungen?
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The word wer may look like the English word "where," but it means "who" in German. Here is an example used in a question and also in a very common structure in which it means "anyone who" or "whoever."
Wer friert uns diesen Moment ein?
Who will freeze this moment in time for us?
Caption 2, Andreas Bourani: Auf uns
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Wer unnötige Begegnungen vermeidet, hilft allen, die sich in den Krankenhäusern um täglich mehr Fälle kümmern müssen.
Those who avoid unnecessary social interaction will help all of those in the hospitals who are having to take care of more cases every day.
Captions 49-50, Coronavirus: Fernsehansprache von Angela Merkel
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The word wer serves as a pronoun and is therefore different in the accusative and dative cases. Whereas many people rarely use "whom" in English, the words wen and wem are not optional in German!
Weißt du, wen ich gestern getroffen habe?
Do you know who I ran into yesterday?
Caption 9, Deutsch mit Eylin: Menschen beschreiben
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Mit wem willst du denn Valentinstag feiern?
Who do you want to celebrate Valentine's Day with?
Caption 32, Nicos Weg: Feste und Feiertage
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The German word for "where" is wo. You may have already learned the variations woher and wohin in order to ask people where they are from and where they are going.
Sag mir doch zuerst einmal, wo das Bundesland liegt.
First of all, tell me where the state is located.
Caption 14, Bundesländer und ihre Rezepte: Nordrhein-Westfalen
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Wohin muss man in Deutschland zuerst gehen, wenn man heiraten möchte?
Where do you first have to go in Germany if you want to get married?
Caption 3, Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Einbürgerungstest
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Not to be confused with wenn, which can also mean "if," wann is the interrogative adverb for "when." It refers solely to time and not to probability. You can find a lesson on the difference here.
Wann kommt der nächste Bus?
When is the next bus coming?
Caption 23, Deutsch mit Eylin: Fragewörter
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The word wie has several meanings, because in addition to "how" it also can be translated as "such as" or "like."
Hier Daniel Müller am Apparat. Wie kann ich Ihnen helfen?
Daniel Müller speaking. How can I help you?
Caption 54, Berufsleben: das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Ich liebe meine Freunde und wie wir miteinander sind.
I love my friends and how we are together.
Caption 12, AnnenMayKantereit: Ozean
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And finally we come to warum. Note that even though the word darum exists, it is only rarely translated as "because!" That would be too easy.
Warum ist denn hier nicht abgeschlossen?
Why isn't this locked here?
Caption 1, Die Pfefferkörner: Endspurt
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Further Learning
Next week we will look at how to say "whatever," "however," "whoever," and "whenever" in German. For now, notice how these question words are integrated into various sentences on Yabla German and watch Eylin's video Deutsch mit Eylin: Fragewörter.
Fügen is a verb that means "to join," "to fit," or "to add." In its reflexive form, sich fügen, it means "to comply" or "to submit." You will often see it with a prefix, and that is what we want to talk about today. Here are three particularly common verbs:
Es gibt drei weitere Wörter, die du einfügen kannst.
There are three more words that you can insert.
Caption 52, Deutsch mit Eylin: Höflich sprechen, Konjunktiv 2 benutzen
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Als Nächstes können wir die Nudeln und den Blumenkohl hinzufügen.
Next, we can add the pasta and the cauliflower.
Caption 29, Bundesländer und ihre Rezepte: Niedersachsen
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Zudem verfügen sie über einen ausgezeichneten Geruchssinn.
They also have an excellent sense of smell.
Caption 55, Evolution: Meeresbewohner
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There is also the related expression zur Verfügung stehen ("to be available"). The noun die Geringfügigkeit, on the other hand, refers to insignificance.
Der Computer steht Ihnen zur Verfügung.
The computer is available to you.
Caption 24, Berufsleben: das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Und wenn es nur um fiese E-Mails geht, dann wird es bei Gericht wegen Geringfügigkeit abgelehnt.
And if it's only about nasty emails, then it will be rejected in court because of insignificance.
Captions 20-21, Die Pfefferkörner: Gerüchteküche
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The verb (sich) fügen should not be confused with fugen, which is more of a technical verb used in construction and craftsmanship. It most often refers to creating or filling joints between tiles, bricks, or other building materials. It is rarely used with a prefix or in its reflexive form. If you can remember that die Fuge (without an umlaut) means "the gap" or "the joint," this can perhaps help you to not get the verbs mixed up.
Die Fliesen müssen noch gefugt werden.
The tiles still need to be grouted.
Der Tischler fugte die Holzbretter perfekt ineinander.
The carpenter joined the wooden boards perfectly.
Interestingly, the other meaning of die Fuge is a type of musical composition featuring a main melody that is imitated and joined by additional melodies that are woven together. As you may have guessed, this is known as a "fugue" in English.
Further Learning
You will find many more versions of the words above used in context on Yabla German.
How do we emphasize the urgency of a situation or immediacy of an event? How can we reassure someone that something will be taken care of right away?
The adverb gleich is used a lot and has many possible translations in this context. You might be thinking about it as an adjective meaning "same" or "alike," and we also have a lesson on that topic. But here we are looking at how it is used to define something as happening "in just a minute," "immediately," or "momentarily."
Gut, vielen Dank. Ich mache mich gleich auf den Weg.
Good, many thanks. I'll be on my way immediately.
Caption 14, Berufsleben - Probleme mit Mitarbeitern
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Warum hab ich das nicht gleich erkannt?
Why didn't I realize that right away?
Caption 80, Die Pfefferkörner - Endspurt - Part 12
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Ja, Moment, ich habe es gleich.
Yes, one moment, I'll have it momentarily.
Caption 30, Der Merkelpilot - der kleine Mann, der es macht
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There is another way to say that something will happen "any minute now," and it's very similar to how it's said in English:
Aber der Reparaturdienst müsste jede Minute da sein.
But the repair service should be here any minute.
Caption 8, Die Pfefferkörner - Endspurt - Part 18
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Another adverb to know is sofort, which is even more urgent than gleich, and is pretty much always translated as "at once," "right away," or "immediately."
Kein Problem, Frau Schmidt. Ich werde es Ihnen sofort schicken.
No problem, Ms. Schmidt. I will send it to you immediately.
Caption 67, Berufsleben - das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Sie ist sofort abgehauen, als Frau Lenz die Sache angesprochen hat.
She immediately took off when Ms. Lenz raised the matter.
Caption 65, Die Pfefferkörner - Endspurt - Part 2
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In more formal contexts, you may hear unverzüglich ("without delay") and umgehend.
Er muss unverzüglich Waffenstillstandsverhandlungen mit Eisenhower und Montgomery aufnehmen.
He must immediately begin armistice negotiations with Eisenhower and Montgomery.
Caption 81, Die Stunde der Offiziere - Dokudrama über den 20. Juli 1944
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Oder noch besser, komm umgehend ins Kontor.
Or better yet, come to the office immediately.
Caption 65, Die Pfefferkörner - Alles auf Anfang
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Although unmittelbar is also translated as "immediate," it is often related to space rather than time:
Wir sind, äh, hab ich schon gesagt,
We are, uh — as I've already said —
in unmittelbarer Nähe, äh, von Saarbrücken.
in the immediate vicinity, uh, of Saarbrücken.
Captions 37-38, Nachbarn - Andrea aus Forbach
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Daher ordne ich an, dass Sie unmittelbar wieder die Ehe schließen.
Therefore I order you to remarry immediately.
Captions 34-35, Yabla Gerichtshof - Probleme des Zusammenlebens
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For urgency, there is the word dringend, which like many German words functions as both an adjective and an adverb depending on how it's integrated in the sentence:
Ich brauche dich hier dringend im Innendienst.
I need you urgently here in the office.
Caption 63, Großstadtrevier - Von Monstern und Mördern
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Further Learning
You will find many examples of these words used on Yabla German. In particular, keep an eye on how the translation of gleich changes depending on the context.
In parts I and II of this lesson, we talked about office supplies that are not specifically related to the ever-present digital devices in the workplace and at school. Let's take a look today, in the final installment of this topic, at some more German names for office items that may be new to you.
Das ist ein Umschlag und das ist die Briefmarke.
This is an envelope and this is the stamp.
Caption 22, Nicos Weg: Das hört sich gut an!
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You probably knew der Umschlag (or der Briefumschlag) and die Briefmarke already, although these days we use them far less frequently than in the stone age of the pre-digital era.
Die häng ich immer an so eine Pinnwand und dafür brauch ich eine Pinnnadel.
I always hang them on a pinboard like this one, and for that I need a push-pin.
Captions 57-58, Deutsch mit Eylin Dinge auf meinem Schreibtisch - Part 2
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Die Pinnnadel is one of those German words with three consonant letters in a row, although in this case, the spelling Pinn-Nadel is also grammatically acceptable. Eine Pinnnadel usually has a round or oblong plastic head, as opposed to its flat-headed cousin der Reißnagel (or die Reißzwecke), which is a thumbtack. The advantage of push-pins is that they are much easier to pull out of harder surfaces like wood than thumbtacks are.
O nein, das ist Lisas Mappe. Bringt Lisa die Mappe.
Oh no, that's Lisa's folder. Bring the folder to Lisa.
Captions 22-23, Nicos Weg: Mein Beruf
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Eine Mappe is usually a simple folder that can hold loose papers.
Auf Ihrem Arbeitsplatz werden Sie einen Ordner namens „Deutsche Werbung“ finden.
On your desktop, you'll find a folder with the name "German Advertising."
Caption 39, Berufsleben: das Vorstellungsgespräch
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So while both die Mappe and der Ordner are usually translated as "folder," eine Mappe usually means a large ring binder that most Germans use to store important paperwork such as tax documents. In Berlin, I've often noticed that non-Europeans tend to prefer filing cabinets or pouches, but somewhere in most German homes you will find a wall of bookshelves filled with Ordner. I'm doing my best to avoid an unfortunate pun on the unfortunate German cliché Ordnung muss sein. It's just not true, at least if you're creatively inclined.
Du siehst, ich liebe Büromaterial, und ich liebe es auch, Ordnung zu halten auf meinem Schreibtisch.
You see, I love office supplies, and I also love keeping order on my desk.
Captions 68-69, Deutsch mit Eylin: Dinge auf meinem Schreibtisch
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At least some people are capable of keeping their desk clean! The term der Schreibtisch is outdated for many of us, as we barely even write anymore, at least in the sense of taking a pen or pencil in hand. Another common German word for "office supplies" is der Bürobedarf, which is usually also what shops are called that sell them.
Further Learning
Review our other two newsletters about office supplies and test your knowledge of the German words for the vast array of articles that are commonly used in office situations. Then go to the videos above on Yabla German and see these words in the context in which they are used.
This week, let's look at some verbs related to computers and technology! Many of these phrases are intuitive for anyone who speaks English, for example eine Mail öffnen or ein Fenster schließen, or ein Programm neu starten.
Below, you can see that the verb anhängen ("to attach") also works for email attachments:
Es sieht so aus, als hätte ich die PDF-Datei an die E-Mail angehängt.
It looks as though I attached the PDF file in an email.
Caption 36, Berufsleben - Probleme mit Mitarbeitern - Part 1
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However, it is often necessary to learn some new vocabulary. For example, to unlock a computer or cell phone, we use the verb entsperren or freischalten, and not aufschließen or entriegeln as you would for a door. And then, of course, there are the words that are relatively new to both languages.
Den Mac-Nutzern empfehlen die Spezialisten, ein von Apple bereitgestelltes Sicherheitsupdate herunterzuladen und zu installieren.
The specialists recommend Mac users download and install a security update that has been provided by Apple.
Captions 15-16, Apple-Trojaner - Wie man ihn beseitigt
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Mein Management hat mir eine E-Mail weitergeleitet.
My management forwarded me an e-mail.
Caption 23, Schauspielerin - Jessica Schwarz - Part 1
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Ich habe auch ein E-Mail-Konto für Sie eingerichtet, welches Sie überprüfen können, sobald Sie eingeloggt sind.
I have set up an email account for you as well, which you can check as soon as you are logged in.
Captions 34-35, Berufsleben das Vorstellungsgespräch - Part 4
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The infinitive forms of the verbs and participles from the examples above are anhängen ("to attach"), herunterladen ("to download"), installieren ("to install"), weiterleiten ("to forward"), and sich einloggen ("to log in").
Further Learning
For a list of words (including nouns and adjectives) related to computers and technology, you can look at this extensive list. Missing from this list are many "Denglisch" verbs related to technology (downloaden, updaten...), but these should not be used in your German class anyway! They are often used in office settings, but are still essentially slang and used mostly among younger co-workers. It is best to know the real German words.
Like English, 45% of which comes from French or Latin language sources, German has many French loan words or Gallicisms. If you can learn to recognize words in your native English as having a French origin, there is a fair chance that they are used in German.
In last week's lesson, we took a look at some of the more commonly used German words with a French origin. These have obvious French word endings such as -ment, -ion, or -age. This week, let's take a look at some more French-derived words in German that also have English counterparts.
Vor genau sechsundsechzig Jahren befreite die Rote Armee die Überlebenden des Nazi-Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz.
Exactly sixty-six years ago the Red Army liberated the survivors of the Nazi extermination camp Auschwitz.
Captions 1-2, Holocaust-Gedenktag - Gespräch mit jüdischen Schülern
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The German word for "army," die Armee, comes from the French word armée. Note that the German capitalizes the noun as per German grammar rules and has dropped the accented letter E.
„Die Süßigkeit“ ist etwas Süßes: Gummibär, Kaugummi, Bonbon.
"Candy" is something sweet: a gummy bear, a [piece of] chewing gum, a bonbon.
Caption 6, Deutschkurs in Tübingen - Verben der 3. Kategorie - Part 2
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The German Bonbon can be the masculine der but is most commonly the neuter das. The French bonbon is literally "good good," from what a child might say when they see some candy!
Aktualisieren Sie bitte das Budget.
Please update the budget.
Caption 47, Berufsleben - das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Das Budget is the same word "budget" in French and English as well, though the French and German both render the T silent.
Ein bisschen Weihnachtsdekoration, so Engel... -Dekoration, ja.
A little bit of Christmas decoration, such angels... -Decoration, yes.
Captions 22-23, Unterwegs mit Cettina - auf dem Bruchsaler Weihnachtsmarkt
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The word "decoration" in English is closer to the French décoration, but then most hard C sounds in German utilize the letter K!
Das ist tatsächlich ein Hotel in Berlin mit einem ganz verrückten Konzept.
This is, in fact, a hotel in Berlin with a completely crazy concept.
Caption 2, Berlin - Indoor-Camping im „Hüttenpalast“
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The French word hôtel is spelled with a circumflex accent on the O, and of course pronounced entirely differently.
Ich bin bei der Firma SAC Applikations-Ingenieur.
I am an applications engineer for the company SAC.
Caption 2, Bildverarbeitung - Sirius Advanced Cybernetics in Pforzheim
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The German der Ingenieur provides another fairly rare example of the soft G pronunciation in German. It's spelled nearly the same as the French ingénieur.
Further Learning
As a general rule, French words found in German are spelled the same, or nearly the same, as the French words found in English, but are pronounced in a German manner and written according to German grammatical rules—with nouns capitalized, for example. Take a look at this list of Gallicisms in German and go to Yabla German to find other real-world examples of the words used in videos.
Irgendwie fängt irgendwann irgendwo die Zukunft an.
Somehow, somewhere the future begins sometime.
Caption 4, Nena - Irgendwie, irgendwo, irgendwann
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Again, we are happy to respond to a subscriber request! The lyrics above by German singer Nena are a good point of departure for a lesson on irgend, which as a prefix has a similar function to “some-” or “any-” in English. It is used to augment adverbs and pronouns to demonstrate a lack of specificity or information.
Irgendwo is perhaps the simplest of these words, translating to “somewhere.”
Du wirst bestimmt irgendwo am Strand sein. -Ja, genau. Am Meer.
You will surely be somewhere at the beach. -Yes, exactly. At the sea.
Caption 50, Konjugation - Das Verb „sein“
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Irgendwie translates to “somehow,” but is also used in spoken German to express “in some way,” “in any way,” or even “sort of.”
Irgendwie muss man ihr ja helfen.
Somehow she has to indeed be helped.
Caption 5, Die Pfefferkörner - Gerüchteküche
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The adverb irgendwann covers the English phrases “someday,” “sometime,” or “at some point,” which means it can refer to a non-specific time in either the past or the future.
Aber irgendwann, als man mich nicht mehr gezwungen hat,
But at some point, when I wasn't forced to anymore
hab ich dann meine persönliche Liebe zur Musik entdeckt.
I discovered my own love for music.
Captions 36-37, Deutsche Bands - Glashaus
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But let’s not stop here! You have also probably seen irgendein and irgendwelche, which translate to “any” or “some.” The important thing to remember is that they behave similarly to adjectives and will always have the appropriate ending based on the conditions of the sentence. As you might guess, irgendein is never used in the plural.
Nun, wenn Sie irgendwelche Fragen haben:
So, if you have any questions,
Ich werde in meinem Büro sein.
I will be in my office.
Caption 49, Berufsleben - das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Haben Sie den Namen von irgendeiner Autovermietung?
Do you have the name of any car rental [company]?
Caption 16, Reiseplanung - Anruf bei einem Reisebüro
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For the pronoun “someone” or “somebody,” it is common to see both irgendwer and irgendjemand.
Irgendjemand kocht Kaffee In der Luftaufsichtsbaracke.
Someone is making coffee In the air traffic control hut.
Captions 29-30, Reinhard Mey - Über den Wolken
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You may also have seen irgendwas and irgendetwas. These are more or less synonyms, which are even less specific than etwas (“something”) and are usually translated as “anything.”
Sagen Sie mir Bescheid, wenn ich irgendetwas tun kann.
Tell me if I can do anything.
Caption 58, Berufsleben - Probleme mit Mitarbeitern
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Further Learning
There are a myriad of examples on Yabla German where you can see these words in use. Make sure you understand the declensions required for irgendein and irgendwelche. Irgendjemand and irgendwer also sometimes require a different ending — can you figure out when this might occur?
The words in the above headline all mean "at least," but it can be confusing as to which context is correct for the right word. Note too that "at least" is a prepositional phrase in English, whereas in German the expression is usually a simple adverb. The adverb mindestens is probably the most common:
In Deutschland ist es so:
In Germany, it's like this:
Asylbewerber müssen mindestens drei Monate warten.
Asylum applicants must wait at least three months.
Caption 35, Flüchtlingskrise - 10 Vorurteile, die nicht stimmen
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The adverb mindestens usually, as in the first case above, refers to a length of time or an amount of something:
Heutiger Hochwasserstand: wieder mindestens zehn Zentimeter.
Today's flood water level: at least ten centimeters again.
Caption 44, Die Klasse - Berlin '61
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It's used somewhat less often to refer to circumstances:
Zwar haben die Zuwanderer in der Regel eine hohe
Indeed, the immigrants normally have a high
oder auch mittlere Qualifikation,
or also mid-level qualification
die also mindestens einem deutschen, äh, Abschluss.
that is at least on par with a German, uh, degree.
Captions 35-36, Rhein-Main-TV aktuell - Mehr Beschäftigung in Rhein-Main
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The related adverb zumindest, on the other hand, is used much more commonly for situations rather than lengths of time or amounts:
Nun, zumindest habe ich meinen ersten Anruf hinter mir.
So, at least I have my first call behind me.
Caption 69, Berufsleben - das Vorstellungsgespräch
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Be careful not to jumble mindestens and zumindest into one (incorrect) word, something that even native German speakers occasionally do!
Eislaufen ist leicht,
Ice skating is easy,
zumindestens [sic, zumindest] leichter als auf Vanessas Party eingeladen zu werden.
at least easier than getting invited to Vanessa's party.
Captions 82-83, Küss mich, Frosch - Leb wohl, kleiner Prinz
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So remember that mindestens and zumindest are real words, either of which would have been correct in the above sentence, but "zumindestens" is not a proper word at all!
Even less common, but making things even more complex, is the adjective mindeste / mindester / mindestes. This adjective can also be nominalized, or turned into a noun, such as das Mindeste (the least thing), or zum Mindesten (at least).
Further Learning
Go to Yabla German and find examples of the above adverbs and adjectives to see how they are used in a real-world conversational context. To go even deeper into the adjectival usage, read the Duden page for mindeste / mindester / mindestes.
Thank you for reading this newsletter and keep up the good work! If you have any good ideas for lesson topics, please email them to us at newsletter@yabla.com, and you can tweet us @yabla.
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